Windows Server 2. Storage Spaces The core file system capabilities in Windows Server have not changed radically since the earliest version of Windows NT.

Windows Server 2. Storage Spaces The core file system capabilities in Windows Server have not changed radically since the earliest version of Windows NT.

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Windows 2. 00. 0 introduced dynamic disks. There have been improvements to NTFS reliability and performance.

FTP clients like FileZilla, Cyberduck, WinSCP etc. Windows 2000 introduced dynamic disks. Features a wealth of tutorials on various Windows networking related topics such as setting up Windows NT/XP/2000/2003 networks, troubleshooting, connectivity and more.

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File services have had incremental changes, as has the file- sharing Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, but nothing groundbreaking. File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) added capabilities around screening, quotas, reporting, and classification but didn't change the core capabilities of the file system and how file services are used. If this server needs to be highly available, it can be clustered, with one server at a time offering the file share.

Volumes with fault tolerance can be created on dynamic disk by using Windows mirroring (RAID 1) or striping with parity (RAID 5) capabilities. However, IT administrators must manually perform both the selection of disks and any repair actions. Furthermore, more advanced features, such as thin provisioning of storage and the easy addition of more storage to a pool in which volumes can be created, just aren't possible without the use of a separate SAN or NAS. But this changes in the next version of Windows Server, Windows Server 2.

Windows Server 8). Other times, you just need to be able to store information that is protected in another way. You can open the Disk Management Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap- in, examine the physical disks, convert them to dynamic disks if necessary, and then create a volume that meets your requirements.

If the volume needs to grow, you might be able to extend it (depending on the physical disks), but you can't add additional disks to an existing volume, to provide easy scalability. For small and midsized organizations or even large organizations with smaller remote locations (i. SAN nor NAS is economical), providing a good storage solution for services is a huge problem. At the other end of the scale, power users on desktops also struggle to organize their data across internal drives and USB- connected disks.

This feature enables a completely new way to think about and administer storage. With Storage Spaces, the physical disks that provide underlying data storage are completely abstracted from the process of requesting new volumes, now known as spaces. The Storage Spaces technology automatically performs any necessary actions to restore data redundancy if a disk fails, provided that sufficient physical disks are available. Storage pools support USB, Serial ATA (SATA), and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) connected disks in a Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD) scenario.

With no hardware- based high- availability support such as RAID happening behind the scenes, Storage Spaces takes care of fault tolerance. The use of USB- connected drives is great on the desktop; servers focus on SATA- and SAS- connected drives. In addition, Storage Spaces fully supports shared SAS. You can connect a disk enclosure to several hosts in a cluster, and the Storage Space on those shared SAS drives will be available to all nodes in the cluster and can be used as part of Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV).

If you use an external disk enclosure, then Storage Spaces supports the SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) protocol, which enables failure indications on the external storage. For example, you could enable a bad disk alert if Storage Spaces detects a problem with a physical disk. When a new storage pool is created, the disks that are added to the storage pool disappear from the Disk Management MMC; the disks are now virtualized and used exclusively by Storage Space technology. You can see the disk state in the storage pools view in File and Storage Services in Server Manager (on a Windows 8 server ) or by using the Storage Spaces Control Panel applet (on a Windows 8 client). This article focuses on using Storage Spaces on the server with Server Manager and Windows Power.

Shell, but all the features that I write about here are also available on the client. Make sure that the server you want to manage has been added to the list of servers on your Server Manager instance (see the sidebar . Select the target server from the Servers tab, and then select the Storage Pools tab, which shows information about existing storage pools and disks that can be used in a storage pool. Also select the disks' allocation (Data Store, by default). You can allocate the disks as part of the virtual disks that you will create later or reserve them as hot spares, as Figure 2 shows. Click Create to complete the storage pool creation.

The next step is to create virtual disks within the storage pool. You can then create volumes on those disks so that the OS can use them. During the creation of a virtual disk, you have two options. The first is to create the disk as fixed, meaning that all the space for the size of the virtual disk is allocated during its creation. The second is to create the disk as thin, meaning that space is taken from the pool only as needed. Using a thin- provisioned disk, you can create a virtual disk that is much larger than your actual available storage.

Now, this capability doesn't mean that you can store more data in the thinly provisioned disk than is actually allocated to the pool. But volumes typically fill up over time. I might create a 1. TB thin disk that initially has only 1.

TB of associated physical storage; as the amount of data increases and approaches 1. TB, I can add another 1. TB of physical storage to the pool simply by adding more disks. As the data approaches 2. TB, I can add another 1. TB of storage by adding still more disks, and so on.

As long as I add physical disks before the virtual disk fills, there's no issue. Alerts can be generated to notify me that a storage pool is reaching its threshold, giving me time to add the required storage. No knowledge of physical disks is required or even openly available. The point of Storage Spaces is to create virtual disks as needed. To create a virtual disk, follow these steps: Select a storage pool in which to create a new virtual disk. In the Virtual Disks section, select the New Virtual Disk task.

Prior to Storage Spaces, these layouts would have been referred to as RAID 0, RAID 1, and RAID 5, respectively. That nomenclature isn't used with Storage Spaces layouts because of differences in implementation. Make your selection, and then click Next.

If you choose Thin as the provisioning type, you can select a larger size than the available physical free space. You can see the actual amount of space that the virtual disk uses in a storage pool in Server Manager (or in the Storage Spaces Control Panel applet on a client).

See the accompanying video for a walk- through of this process. For example, to create a new storage pool that uses three physical disks, I can use the following commands: $phy. Disks = Get- Physical.

Disk$stor. Sub = Get- Storage. Sub. System. New- Storage. Pool - Friendly. Name . For example, I can use the following command to get information about the number of data copies for a mirror and its operational status: PS C: \ > Get- Virtual. Disk - Friendly. Name Data.

But if I want to explain why I think of Server 2. I need to talk at least briefly about how to use the great new Storage Spaces enabled volumes. Server 2. 01. 2 introduces SMB 2.

Although seemingly only a minor version increase from the SMB 2. Server 2. 00. 8 R2, SMB 2.

SMB protocol. This access is enabled by several changes, including SMB Multi- Channel, which now allows multiple TCP connections to be established over multiple NICs if available for a single SMB session. This change enables bandwidth aggregation because multiple NICs and CPUs can be used for network processing when Receive- Side Scaling (RSS) and multiple NICs are leveraged. This also works for Server 2.

NIC teaming. Multiple hosts in the cluster can simultaneously share the CSV for key workloads such as Hyper- V virtual machines (VMs) stored on a file share or even Microsoft SQL Serverdatabases. This Active- Active file sharing allows for zero downtime and no loss of handles in the event of a failover. After it’s installed, this service allows a Server 2.

SCSI target, enabling access to its storage from both a file level (using SMB) and a block level (using i. SCSI). When something goes wrong, you might need to run the chkdsk utility to repair the problem. Chkdsk is very good at its job but it's a long laborious job, which must go through all the disk content looking for problems, and then perform the repair, which - - due to the nature of disks and their speed - - can take a very long time (possibly days for large volumes with many files). The result is a period of days during which the volume is offline while the repair operation is performed.

Along with considerations of performing a data restore after a disaster, this action is why many times NTFS volumes are kept below a certain size: to ensure that chkdsk can be run in a reasonable period (i. NTFS itself has become more resilient, with self- healing capabilities, but chkdsk is still needed at times. Windows 8 has solved once and for all the concerns about running a chkdsk on even the largest volume. As I already mentioned, the tool must go through the entire disk and all its content looking for problems, which takes time. As it finds the problems - - which will be on a minuscule number of actual files - - Chdsk fixes them. These fix operations take almost no time (i. The problem is that chkdsk takes the volume offline, making the content unavailable as it performs the health checking and fixing.

The first part scans the disk and data, looking for problems. If a problem is found, then that problem is marked and noted as requiring fixing. The big difference is that the volume is still online, whereas the long search- and- checking process is performed because no fix is actually being performed.